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With the development of economy and social progress, people’s demands for quality of life have become higher and higher, and the convenient transportation has increasingly become an urgent requirement for social development. High-grade highways have developed at an unprecedented rate, and roads have been cleaned and cleaned. More attention has been given to relevant departments, and the pattern of artificial cleaning formed over the years has apparently failed to meet the objective requirements for the development of high-grade highways in China. Artificial sweeping dust is flying high, seriously affecting the health of the cleaners and inevitably causing secondary environmental problems. Pollution: The high-speed driving of highway vehicles poses a potential threat to the safety of cleaners. This requires us to rapidly develop sweeping machines. Only in this way can we meet the objective requirements of the rapidly developing high-grade highways and enable people to live in a clean and healthy environment. This is also an inevitable requirement for the high quality of human life in the 21st century. Therefore, it is of great significance to the overview of our sweeper vehicles and the exploration of the development models.
1 The market prospect of the sweeper
With the continuous increase in the mileage of roads and the increase in the flow of people and traffic, there are more and more road wastes, and it has been difficult to accomplish the task of sweeping and transferring people. With the continuous development of domestic roads, mechanized maintenance has become a necessity. Road sweepers are capable of sweeping and transporting, with convenient operation, high sweeping efficiency, and good dust removal effect. Therefore, the demand for road sweepers presents a rapid growth. With the rapid development of China’s expressways, the “five vertical and seven horizontal†highway network with the main skeleton has been completed. The total mileage of highways in China will rank second in the world in 2010. The development of high-speed roads has brought good development opportunities for heavy-duty vehicles to become major types of road transport. At the same time, it also provides a good space for the development of special vehicles such as large-scale highway wreckers, road maintenance vehicles, road sweepers, and rescue trailers. The forecast of the sweeper market is as follows:
From the sales of products in recent years, it can be seen that the market potential for road sweepers is huge. According to statistics, in large and medium-sized cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen, the number of road sweepers is 300-500 units. In China, there are altogether 8,640 kilometers of expressways, which will reach 15,650 kilometers by 2010. According to conservative estimates, an average of two to three sweepers per 100 kilometers will be needed. The market prospects are very broad. From Table 1, we can see that the total sales volume of the industry in 2000 It was 513 units, and by the end of 2004 sales had soared to 1,288 units. In 2005, sales increased to 1,780 units. The sales volume and forecast for 2000-2009 are shown in Table 1:
Table 1 Sales and Forecast Year 2000-2009 Year 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Sales Volume and Forecast (Taiwan) 513 621 781 986 1288 1780 2200 2600 3300 3200
2 Domestic Sweeper Overview
2.1 Overview
The development process of domestic sweepers is as follows: In the first stage, in the 1960s, China developed a pure sweep sweeper, because of the poor performance of the sweeper sweeper, poor quality, poor appearance, poor sweeping effect, etc. It was also limited by the country’s system at that time and the economic conditions of the city’s sanitation department at that time, so only a few large cities used pure sweeping sweepers. Until the end of the 1980s, the Changsha Construction Machinery Research Institute of the Ministry of Construction designed China's first suction sweeper. It enters China’s large and medium-sized cities with its unparalleled advantages of its pure sweeping sweeper. Now, in the sweeper market in China, the sweeper sweeper has a share of 95% or more. The second stage, the late 20th century, was the fastest development stage for sweepers in China. The use of sweepers not only expanded from large and medium-sized cities to small cities and expressways, but also used sweepers to clean roads in many enterprises and residential communities. With the rapid expansion of market demand, various types and sizes of sweeper sweepers are emerging. At present, most sweepers in China are retrofitted from 2t to 8t chassis. This sweeper has a fast transfer speed and is suitable for large-area, long-distance cleaning. It is commonly used in road sweeping operations in urban arterial roads, urban-rural junctions, and highways. In recent years, with the expansion of the sweeper market, the needs of users of the sweeper are also changing. The medium and small full-scale hydraulic sweepers use a single engine to drive, and the fuel consumption is low; the continuously variable speed is changed, the sweeping effect is good, and the sweeping efficiency is high; The advantages such as a good view of the room are favored by users, especially non-urban street and non-road sweeper users. Many sweeper manufacturers have also developed medium and small full-scale hydraulic sweepers with dedicated chassis, and various sizes of medium and small-sized full-hydraulic sweepers have been put on the market. In the third phase, after 2000, the domestic road cleaning market began to show rapid development. The successful manufacturers such as Changsha Zhongbiao Company and Tianjin Sweeping King Co., Ltd. have achieved a good momentum of development. Along with this, other companies such as Changlin Co., Ltd. and Sany Heavy Industry Co., Ltd. have also begun to enter the R&D and production of road sweepers, and have achieved better development. At present, the specifications and performance of the domestic road sweeper have basically met the domestic demand and the product specifications range from 2t to 8t. Compared with foreign countries, the proportion of large-scale products is not large, the variety of products is small, and the output is also low.
2.2 The main new products of the current domestic sweeper are
(1) Yantai Dexing Special Purpose Vehicle Factory develops and manufactures YHD5050TSL sweeper for city streets, squares, airports, docks, and public parks. The car does not use the chassis of the car. It uses an engine-driven tandem pump to complete the complete operation power of the travel drive, fan, brush, pump operation, hydraulic steering, and telescopic work of each hydraulic cylinder. All power is driven by hydraulic pressure, so the vehicle has a compact structure, high transmission efficiency, simple maintenance, and easy operation.
(2) In 2003, the development of the 15 ton highway sweeper (SY5140TSL) successfully developed by Sany made full use of Tsinghua University's fluid simulation hardware and software resources, and advanced digital design means to ensure the key technology of the product - suction sweeping wind The field establishes advanced nature and reliability and provides reliable protection.
(3) Shanxi successfully developed drag sweeper. The car is equipped with a working mechanism on the Swedish Bodewi sweeper, rotating the front conveyor belt to the right by 50o and dumping the snow directly from the right side while sweeping. The working principle of the mechanism is to install a rotating shaft at the original conveyor belt to achieve the purpose of rotation. When the sweeper works normally, the production efficiency is synchronized with that of the sweeper. This organization is still the first in the country and solves the problem of frequent unloading when snow is removed. The application of this institution can produce huge economic benefits. According to the actual trial and calculation, the average cost per kilometer saved before conversion is about 50 yuan, and every 26 kilometers can be completed 6 days in advance. The snow removal operation can reduce the road closure time in the snow and avoid large amounts of economics. loss. The structure of the vehicle is simple, and it is convenient to use and maintain. If a self-selected main vehicle with similar functions can be developed, it can be widely promoted and has good social benefits.
(4) Shandong clean sweeper. A fast-cleaning sweeper using three-wheeled motorcycle mechanical transmission machinery includes the traditional mechanism of a three-wheeled motorcycle. The rear part of the three-wheeled motorcycle is the box body of the cleaning vehicle. The inside of the box is made up of two layers. The upper box body is composed of a water tank, a tool box and a dust box. The two sides of the lower box are dust storage boxes, respectively. A cleaning device is fixed on the rear axle of the wheel motorcycle, and a dust suction device is fixed on the shaft. Both the cleaning device and the dust collection device are connected with the traditional mechanism of the three-wheeled motorcycle.
(5) The AK461 road sweeper produced by FAUN supplied by Hong Kong Indah Technologies has attracted attention since it was put into operation. The AK461 is an air circulation sweeper that uses the power provided by the main or auxiliary engine of a vehicle to complete a road sweeper operation through a hydraulic drive system. Practice has proved that the recirculating air system of the AK461 sweeper is very effective. Its recirculating air system continuously delivers air from the waste bin into the straw, and only a very small amount of filtered air returns to the atmosphere. Therefore, the dust emitted is negligible. The amount of dust contained in the air can be reduced by adding water to the circulating air. At the same time, the water can be recycled to flush the road surface. The AK461 sweeper can be used in winter at -5°C and the circulating air temperature can be increased to 20°C to prevent the suction hose from freezing. The AK461 has 2 sets of side brushes, 2 sets of suction systems and 1 set of removable main brushes. The front brush can be mounted on the left or right side of the front of the truck. The side brush is mounted on a central shaft and mounted together with the blower tube and the suction tube. Even in the harshest environments, better cleaning results can be obtained with the use of side brush, suction tube and main brush. The side brush is controlled by the joystick, which allows the side brush to move freely independently of the suction tube and can clean distant objects and sidewalks. Sweep speed and pressure can be adjusted continuously. A protector is installed on the brush to prevent mechanical damage to the brush. The main brush is suspended from the center of gravity of the vehicle and can be adapted to undulating ground and slopes. The pressure and rotation speed of the main brush can be continuously adjusted to clean any road surface. The front brush is also a very useful device for the AK461. It not only increases the width of the vehicle's sweeper, but also controls the lower part of the guardrail by easily controlling the expansion and contraction of the front brush. The front brush relies on the adjusted attachment and can be adjusted from all directions. The AK461 is also very effective in sweeping corners. When encountering a curve, the suction tube and side brush of the AK461 can move along with the body arc; the optional automatic tilt system ensures that the side brush is at an ideal angle, resulting in a higher cleaning efficiency. The AK461's optional water circulation system is the key to the FAUN sweeper's environmental protection and reduced consumption. It can not only save water, but also reduce the amount of residual water and reduce the cost of waste removal and cleaning. The AK461 uses high-strength materials to ensure that the sweeper has excellent performance and long life. For example, the impeller of a fan is made of high wear-resistant steel. The engine and fan structure of the AK461 sweeper is well-designed and the working noise is 70dB. AK461 water tank (volume 1200L) can monitor its water level at any time in the cab. The unique water spray system can control its working status in the cab and can be continuously monitored in the cab during water spraying. It can not only guarantee the adhesion of the rubbish, but also ensure that no water can be added to the water tank when the cleaning time is long. The AK461's waste suction tube is equipped with an automatic sensor cover, which can be opened and closed as required, together with the suction function, to ensure that the sweeper can fully absorb the garbage under all conditions. AK461 sweeper can be equipped with different cleaning equipment and optional parts according to the needs of users to meet the different requirements of users. The AK461 can be used four seasons a year. The AK461 comes with an optional front brush to increase cleaning width and can also be used for weeding. The AK461 can also be replaced with tools to clean up gravel or remove snow in winter.
(6) The successful bidder unit is the base of Zoomlion's professional research, production and sales of environmental sanitation machinery. Zhongwei Environmental Sanitation Machinery currently possesses six categories of nearly sixty varieties including cleaning machinery, cleaning machinery, cleaning and transportation machinery, snow removal machinery, garbage collection and transportation equipment, and sewer dredging and maintenance equipment. Cleaning machine types include:
1) Airport Runway Sweeper: The front sweeper with collision avoidance protection function is driven by high-quality imported motor, powerful sweeping, adjustable speed, superimposed hydraulic valve is highly integrated, hydraulic pipelines are arranged neatly and beautifully, maintenance is very convenient; The operating room with air-conditioning device is comfortable, the electric control box with centralized control adopts high-quality imported electrical components, and it is easy to operate; Isuzu water-cooled diesel engine, unique automatic clutch guarantees the no-load start of the auxiliary engine, high-efficiency, low-noise sweeper Fan. The screw cartridge valve can achieve stepless speed control of the squeegee. The original structure of the “four-pan in the center—the rear nozzle†is arranged. The cleaning width is large and the front cantilever is short; the unique built-in roller brush type The suction nozzle greatly improves the cleaning effect.
2) SHZ12 sweeper: It is a completely new type of full-hydraulic driven dry pure sweep sweeper, which is an ideal small sweeping cleaning machine. The main performance features of SHZ12 sweeper: the working arrangement of the horizontal sweeping device with the front double sweeper and the mid-helical sweeper, the gasoline engine drives the whole machine to walk and the action of each working device; the rubbish passes through the sweeping and The helical sweeping horizontal sweeping roll is thrown into the trash can container, supplemented by an auxiliary vacuum system, which can improve the sweeping degree and reduce the dust, and the performance is far better than that of the ordinary sweep sweeper: it adopts a unique vibration function. Dry dust removal technology, bag filter dust removal, road waste transported to the garbage container through sweeping, sweeping to ensure the gas flow at the air outlet is clean, no secondary pollution; the whole machine is compact, walking full hydraulic drive, continuously variable transmission, manipulation Convenient, flexible forward and backward, rear-wheel steering, near-in-place steering, reduced health corners during operations, especially suitable for densely populated areas; with low operating noise, low fuel consumption, and low operating costs; the machine adopts a streamlined design with a beautiful appearance. Fashion, injecting a sense of the times for your cleaning work, reflecting the good image of a city, a community, and a company; the covers are made of fiberglass and are lightweight Corrosion resistance; awning can be optional.
3) SHZ15 sweeper; It has the function of crushing and compressing light garbage, and it is suitable for cleaning and cleaning of urban busy streets, pedestrian streets, leisure squares, stadiums, industrial parks and residential quarters. It is a fully hydraulically driven sweeper. . The main features of the SHZ15 sweeper are: the overall structure of the front double-sweep disc and the front suction nozzle. The diesel engine drives the whole machine to walk and each working device. Using the principle of suction, suction sweeping, and wet dusting to clean the road surface; using world-famous diesel engine, low fuel consumption; the whole machine adopts full hydraulic drive, small size, flexible; front wheel steering, front wheel Braking, rear-wheel drive, variable displacement pump drives the fixed motor, the motor is directly mounted on the wheel; the front suction plate of the suction nozzle can be reversed to suck large pieces of garbage; the vertical scanning adopts a flexible structure, and the roadblock can be automatically returned. Collision avoidance function; wear-resistant, corrosion-resistant, high-volume air blower has the function of crushing and compressing light garbage; garbage cans and water tanks are made of engineering plastics, light weight, corrosion resistance; The whole machine adopts streamlined design, beautiful appearance, stylish, and Your cleansing work is injected into the sense of the times, and it can reflect the good image of a city, a community, and a company. The cab is designed with a large area of ​​safety glass and has a wide field of vision. It is equipped with air conditioning and heating devices and is comfortable to operate.
In short, in China, sweeper manufacturers have grown to dozens, and the sweepers produced include all types of sweepers, with dozens of specifications. The main manufacturers of road sweepers are shown in Table 2.
Table 2 Performance parameters of the major manufacturers of domestic road sweepers Manufacturer Product Model Chassis Model Width (m) Sweeping speed (km/h) Capacity of waste container (m3)
Tianjin sweeping king
Special car
Co., Ltd. TSW5040TSL Qingling NKR55ELA 3.3 5-15 2
TSW5041TSL Jiangling JX1042D 2.4 3-20 4
TSW5050TSL NKR55LLAJY 3.2 3-25 5.4
TSW5090TSL Liberation CA-142 3.7 5-15 5
TSW5141TSL EQ3141G 2.3 3-15 5.4
Changsha Zhongbiao
Industrial Company ZLJ5150TSL Dongfeng EQ3141G7DJ 3.5 5-20 8
ZLJ5151TSL Dongfeng EQ3141G7DJ 3.5 5-20 8
ZLJ5141TSL Qingling NKR55LLA-R 3 3-10 4
ZLJ5060TSL Dongfeng EQ1061T5DJ 3.5 3-15 5.5
ZLJ5051TSL NKR55LLA-R 2.7 3-10 4
ZLJ5050TSL Qingling NKR55LLA 3 3-10 5
Yangzhou Shengda Special Vehicle Co., Ltd.
(Former Jiangsu Jiangyang Group Special Vehicle Factory) YZT5051TSL Qingling NKR55LLAY 3 3-16 3
YZT5052TSL Qingling NKR55LLAY 3 3-16 3
YZT5040TSL ------ 1.5-3 1-10 1.5
YZT5061TSL Dongfeng EQ1061J5DJ3 3 3-16 4
Beijing Aiqing Sweeping Vehicle Company BAQ5120TSL ------ 3.4 0-12 5.73
BAQ5130TSL ------ 2.4 0-12 6.1
Changlin Co., Ltd. CHL5040TSL Qingling ISUZU4JB 3 3-10 1.5
2.3 The gap between domestic sweepers
2.3.1 The gap between level and quality
Although the development of China's sweeper technology has caught the attention of the world, there are still many gaps in sweeping trucks in China compared with developed countries. China's sweeper trucks have the same level of cleanliness performance as sweeping efficiency, sweeping capacity, and dust removal performance in developed countries. However, there is still a big gap in sweeper noise, emissions, reliability, comfort, and automatic adjustment. In particular, the full-hydraulic sweeper is only equivalent to the product level of developed countries from the late 1980s to the early 1990s. According to the current level and quality of China's sweeper trucks, in the design of sweeper trucks in China, there is still a lack of research on special parts, lack of guidance on design theory, experience over calculation, more imitation, and less innovation. It can be said that at present, China's research capacity for sweepers is still relatively poor, and the purpose and requirements for sweeping vehicles have not been truly achieved. At the same time, the necessary research conditions are lacking. At present, China's small and medium-sized full-hydraulic sweepers have the same drawbacks as the sweepers that are converted from the chassis of the car, but they also have the disadvantages of poor comfort, high noise, large empty cars, and unsightly appearance. In addition, domestic cleaners need to be improved in the following aspects: For high reliability, the high reliability of equipment refers to the reliability of a certain type of equipment, that is, the length of time between failures during normal use. The average time between failures of domestic construction machinery is 150 hours - 300 hours. The foreign construction machinery is 600 hours - 2000 hours. The average service life of China's construction machinery is only 1/2 of foreign similar products, or even less than 1/2. Therefore, the current priority is to solve the problem of durable products and improve the reliability of the indicators. As regards the important types of construction machinery such as sweepers, loaders, bulldozers, excavators, etc., the gap between this index and similar foreign products is still very large. Users and manufacturers often have different ideas. The user is buying a piece of equipment. The preferred indicator should be reliability. The equipment should be durable, not a big problem, and it is better not to have minor problems. Manufacturers think that small problems do not matter. As everyone knows, the most troublesome thing for users is the continuous equipment of small problems, and the ones that have the greatest impact on production are often devices that have minor problems. No equipment in the production process will be combated alone. Instead, it will be on-line and off-line. Once the operation is stopped due to any minor problems, there will be other production systems that will affect the work. Therefore, manufacturers must not ignore the harm of minor problems. Small faults are not only ill, but also a “big illness†that affects production. It directly affects the use of a device and even damages the reputation of a manufacturer. The reliability of domestic sweeper products is not as good as that of foreign countries. There are three reasons: First, the quality of domestically-made foundation parts is not stable; second, the manufacturing process problems; third, the technical imperfections cause congenitally deficient; on the multifunctionality: the current domestic road sweeper basics In the simple sense, the sweeper can only sweep the road and cannot use it. According to the demand information of many environmental protection agencies in the country, some need to be able to clean road barriers, some require snow shoveling, etc.; current sweepers need water jet dust and dust, and they cannot be used in water shortage areas and in the winter in the north. The current sweeper exhaust pollution and noise pollution are relatively large. As the country’s environmental protection requirements are getting higher and higher, people’s awareness of environmental protection has generally increased, and existing sweepers will be difficult to adapt to their needs.
2.3.2 backward production equipment and means of production
Due to the small scale of production of domestic sweeper manufacturers and the small volume of sweeper products, the production equipment and production methods used are relatively backward and the processed parts are difficult to have stable quality. In addition, the low level of manufacturing of general parts and components in China also affects the quality of the sweeper. Abrasive brushes, suction tubes, fans, suction nozzles, and air ducts of foreign sweepers are far more wearable than our sweepers. The main reason for analysis is material and design. Therefore, the study and rational design of the wearable parts of the sweeper and the improvement of the wear resistance of the wearable parts are also necessary to improve the reliability of the sweeper in China. Therefore, improve the appearance of the sweeper. The old face of domestic sweepers has not been completely changed, especially the paint's glossiness, adhesion, impact resistance, hardness, weather resistance and bending performance, etc. There is still a small gap, especially when the durability is not over, the new car put Less than 3 months lost light and faded.
2.3.3 Gaps in comfort of equipment
The comfort of the equipment refers to the level of comfort that the driver feels when operating the equipment, including the emission standards and noise levels of the environment. Some manufacturers installed audio systems such as recording and CDs in the cab, but these were all in vain before the noise of equipment was resolved. In the same way, the air conditioning and ventilation settings will not make any sense until the problem of cab sealing is resolved. In the case of sweepers, loaders, and bulldozers, noise and emissions must first be resolved. Because it not only has an impact on the physical and mental health of the driver, but more importantly it has an impact on other equipment and people who work with it. It is not difficult for the driver’s cab to become a car standard. We need to know that construction machinery drivers such as sweepers, loaders, and bulldozers need more comfort than sedans. Because he kept working in a very harsh environment.
2.3.4 Differences in Performance Levels
Improve performance levels. The gap between the overall performance parameters of China's construction machinery and foreign standards is not very large, but it has lagged behind foreign advanced levels 15 to 20 years in varying degrees of comfort, low pollution, construction quality, and productivity. The main reason is that many advanced There are gaps in technology, structure, materials, and processes.
From the brief introduction of the development status of the above-mentioned domestic sweeper trucks, it can be seen that there is a big gap between China's sweeper trucks and foreign sweeper trucks. The main manifestations are: from the aspect of product composition, domestic machinery types and specifications are less, and products lack series. The development of China's sweeper vehicle machinery has started relatively late. In recent years, with the continuous increase of the mileage of expressways, the research and development work of sweeper vehicles has gradually been paid attention by relevant parties.
3 The key technologies of the sweeper
In China, due to the short development time of sweeper vehicles, the use of small quantities, limited research and development staff, and no special research institutions to conduct research on them, there is a lack of research on the key technologies for the main components of the sweeper, in order to improve the suction sweep and The ability of the pure suction sweeper design must be tested on the main components—sweeping system, fan, duct system, dust removal system, and parts wear resistance—to improve the theoretical level of sweeper design.
3.1 Strengthen the Key Technologies for Special Fans for Sweepers
The blower is a very important part of the sweeper. The blower is the heart of the dust collector. The large air volume and air pressure are the reliable guarantee for efficient dust collection. High-efficiency centrifugal fans must be used because of the working conditions of the sweeper. Instability, therefore, there must be a certain margin in the selection of fans so as to ensure that the sweeper can achieve perfect dust collection under various road conditions. Due to space constraints, the fan shape should be as compact as possible while reducing noise. It is one of the important factors to consider when choosing a fan. There is a big gap between China's sweeper fans and the developed countries. At present, most of the sweeper sweepers in China use general-purpose fans or fans that are rebuilt from general-purpose fans. Because general-purpose fans are designed for general-purpose ventilation, their volume, wear resistance, dust-proof ability, etc. cannot meet the requirements of sweeper's harsh working conditions. It can be said that the fans currently used in China's sweeping vehicles have greatly affected the performance of sweepers. Therefore, the sweeper production enterprises should strengthen the research on the special sweeper fans, discuss the shape of the fan blades, the material of the blades, the shape and position of the air inlet and outlet, and the processing technology, so as to design a small volume, large air volume, low noise and wear resistance. Fan.
3.2 Key Technologies of Compressed Air System
The compressed air system is also an important part of the sweeper's operation power. The compressed air system is provided by the chassis engine to provide compressed air to drive the cylinder to produce a predetermined motion to complete the following functions: adjust the brush brush ground pressure, brush the disk brush protection function, when When it rises to the ground, it will follow the trend. The adjustment of air pressure is completed in the cab. Each end of the roller brush has a lifting cylinder and the other end is hung on the frame. The electronic control system is used to operate the cylinder to drive the roller brush to complete lifting and lowering. You can also adjust the ground pressure so that it has a 20o arc contact with the ground. The lifting cylinder is a hydraulic damping cylinder, which ensures that it is always in contact with the ground and the ground pressure is equal, and it also acts as a damping buffer to ensure that the roller brush is not subjected to impact. The suction angle cylinder can lift the front edge of the suction mouth to suck in large pieces of garbage. When the air cylinder is started or stopped, the lifting cylinder can lift or lower the suction mouth to the ground.
3.3 Research on Key Technologies of Cleaning Dust Collection System
The sweeping dust collecting system includes a disk brush device, a roller brush device, a suction mouth device, and a dust collection box, which are key components of the sweeper. The disk brush device is responsible for the task of sweeping and collecting trash near the guardrail and at the corners of the belt. It consists of a disk brush and a bracket, an oil motor, a swing arm mechanism, a cylinder and a bracket, a wire and roller mechanism baffle, and a transmission mechanism. The roller brushing device is mainly used for sweeping large areas of roads in the middle of the road and collecting garbage near the suction port. It is composed of roller brushes, housings, oil motors, swing cylinders, lifting cylinders and rotating brackets. The mouth sucking device sucks the garbage passing through the area through the suction pipe into the dust collecting box, and mainly consists of a suction mouth, a hose, a bracket, a supporting trolley, a suction lifting cylinder, and a sucking angle tilt cylinder. Dust collection box: It is a container for collecting, transporting and storing sediments from sweeper trucks. The opening of the dust collection box door and the dumping of waste are powered by a hydraulic pump driven by the chassis engine power output interface. There is an impact plate in the dust box. Baffles and rectangular wire screens at the tails of the plates increase the impact of the gas stream, making it easier to separate the sediment from the gas stream. In addition, the magnitude of the brushing ground pressure not only affects the sweeping effect of the sweeper, but also has a significant influence on the wear of the sweeper. The sweeping ground pressure of the sweeper in China is manually adjusted by the operator of the sweeper. Generally, the operator only adjusts the brushing ground pressure at the time of exiting the vehicle, and some of them even perform a sweeping ground pressure for a few days. One adjustment. This sweeping ground pressure adjustment method causes the sweeping ground pressure during the sweeper operation to change with the unevenness of the road surface and the height change of the damping spring of the sweeper, and the consequence of this change is sweeping. The effect is unstable and increases sweep wear. Therefore, it is necessary for the sweeper manufacturer to investigate the optimal grounding pressure of the sweeper sweeper and design a sweeper that can automatically adjust the sweeper ground pressure in order to achieve the best sweep effect while minimizing sweeper wear. . There is also dust removal system research: the advantages and disadvantages of the dust removal system affect the secondary discharge of the sweeper. The dust removal of the sweeper truck is divided into wet dust removal and dry dust removal. The wet dust removal can be divided into water spray dust removal and circulating water dust removal.
3.4 Wind Tunnel Key Technology Research
How the design of the sweeper air duct seriously affects the sweeper's suction capacity and power utilization. The air path type of the sweeper only has two kinds of air ducts with blowback and ducts without blowback, but they have different shapes. Whether the shape of the air duct, whether it is provided with backflushing, and the ratio of counter-blowing air volume to the wind volume of the wind turbine all affect the air flow resistance of the sweeper. The influence of this airflow resistance will change the total pressure and air volume of the fan. In the design of the sweeper, if the air duct design is not suitable and the air flow resistance is large, in order for the sweeper nozzle and the suction tube to reach a certain amount of air, the fan speed must be higher or a fan with a larger air flow rate must be used. This will inevitably increase the power of the fan, reduce the power efficiency of the sweeper, and increase fuel consumption. For this purpose, the wind tunnel system of the sweeper must be experimentally studied to determine the drag coefficient that influences the air flow resistance of the sweeper air duct shape, determine the magnitude of the resistance generated by the reverse blow duct, and the effect of the drag force on the air volume of the blower. Only in this way can we design a duct system with good cleaning effect, low airflow resistance and high power utilization rate.
3.5 Key Technology Research of Hydraulic System
The hydraulic system is an important part of the sweeper. A large number of actions are performed during the sweeper's operation. The working conditions of the hydraulic system directly affect the performance of the complete vehicle. The functions of the hydraulic system are described in detail below: To complete the extension and fall of the disk brush, so that It touches the road surface for cleaning operations; completes the retraction of the disk brush and restores it to its operating state; completes the rotation of the disk brush; tilts the left and right sides of the swing cylinder to drive the brush; the rotation of the brush rolls; outside the guardrail cleaning device Stretch and rotate; lifting and falling of the bins.
3.6 Key Technologies of Wearable Parts
Sweeper's wearable parts mainly include: sweeping brush, straw, fan, suction nozzle, air duct and so on. The wear resistance of the sweeper components directly affects the use cost of the sweeper. In particular, whether the sweeper is wearable or not has the greatest impact on the use cost of the sweeper. It can be said that sweeping wear is currently the most serious problem in China's sweeper wear. Raising the wear resistance of sweeper parts is one of the most direct and effective ways to improve its reliability. Therefore, sweeper manufacturers are highly concerned with how to improve the wear resistance of parts.
4 Suggestions for developing models
From the current analysis of a large number of domestic market information, there are many manufacturers of single-function sweepers in China, and there are manufacturers all over the country. The functions of high-grade highway multi-function maintenance and conservation vehicles include road cleaning, snow removal, and salt spread. Sasha, lifting and rescue, excavation, accident traction, repair and replacement of high-altitude lighting communications and other facilities, and transportation of small conservation machines. Because too many functions result in poor practicality, low utilization rate, and restricting the use of other functions, the price also exceeds the economic bearing capacity of most highway maintenance units in China. It is difficult to promote in the market, and development is also difficult. Big. Therefore, it is considered that the company is currently wise to develop a road sweeper with three functional combinations of sweeping roads, cleaning guardrails and pushing snow when developing road sweepers. Here are some suggestions and suggestions for development:
4.1 Purpose and scope of use and basic parameter recommendations
Road sweepers are mainly suitable for cleaning highways, urban roads, airports, ports, and stadiums. Attaching accessories can complete cleaning and cleaning of streets and highway guardrails, and snow shovels installed on the front can eliminate small and medium-sized snow.
Dimensions: 6338×2384×3040
Chassis: Dongfeng EQ3141GJ or EQS153 Class II Chassis
The maximum speed: 85Km/h
Auxiliary engine Perkins 1004-4 engine
Power 64Kw/87Hps/2600rpm
Dimensions 711×610×767
Torque 277N.m/1600rpm
Weight 273Kg
Fan: 5-29 Centrifugal Fan
Dimensions 940×813×117
Speed ​​3150rpm
Full pressure 6043-8280Pa
Air volume 4482-8965m3/h
Weight 214.5Kg
Minimum ground clearance (rigid part of transport conditions) : 150mm
Minimum turning diameter : 16m
Dust box total volume: 5400L
Dust box maximum lift angle: 55o
Working speed: 0-30Km/h
Sweep width B: 2320mm
Service quality: 6000Kg
Maximum inhalation particle size: (maximum particle equivalent diameter p=1.5～2g/cm3 sandstone)
Water tank capacity: 1250L
Vertical brush diameter: 500mm
Roller diameter X length: 400×1300mm
Vacuum nozzle length and width : 700×254mm
Pump pressure Pb: 3.5bar
Maximum air velocity at suction: VQ>25m/s
Discharge angle ;55o
4.2 Overall layout of road sweeper
Chassis assembly: electrical equipment and console; auxiliary system; compressed air system; transmission and fan;sweeping dust collection system; hydraulic system; snowboard device; spray dust suppression system; guardrail cleaning device. Chassis assembly: Equipped with EQ1141GJ and other types of chassis modification, it has beautiful appearance, superior quality performance, and timely supply of spare parts, and can meet the requirements of highway cleaning operations. Auxiliary machine system; adopts 1000 series 1004-4 diesel engine produced by Perkins and other companies such as the UK's Perkins, with a power of 64Kw/2600rpm and a torque of 277N.m/1600rpm.
5-29 Centrifugal Fan (Shaanxi Shaoshan Fan Factory) can be used. In order to reduce the noise, the wall-hanging glue can be used for processing. Spraying dust-reducing system: It consists of a 1.25m3 stainless steel water tank and self-priming pump with system pressure of 3.5bar, piping and nozzles. Watering before the disc brush and roller brush is used to reduce dust on the road surface. In addition, nozzles are arranged in the dust box. Promote the adhesion and sedimentation of garbage dust in the inhalation tank to prevent secondary pollution (the water pump is driven by the auxiliary engine).
Electrical equipment and console: The operation of the entire cleaning function is implemented using a central control box in the cab.
Compressed air system: The compressed air system is an important component of the sweeper's operating power. Compressed air system is provided by the chassis engine to provide compressed air to drive the cylinder to produce predetermined actions to complete the following functions: Adjust the brush brush ground pressure, buffer the disk brush protection Function, when it meets the raised ground, it will move upwards. The adjustment of air pressure is accomplished in the cab. Each end of the roller brush has a lifting cylinder, and the other end is hung on the frame. The electronic control system is used to operate the cylinder to drive the roller brush to complete lifting. Action, lift the cylinder can also adjust the ground pressure, so that it has a 20o arc contact with the ground. The lifting cylinder is a hydraulic damping cylinder, which ensures that it is always in contact with the ground and the ground pressure is equal. It can also act as a damping buffer to ensure that the roller brush is not impacted. The suction angle cylinder can lift the front edge of the suction mouth to suck in large pieces of garbage. When starting or stopping, lift the cylinder to raise or lower the suction mouth to the ground.
Sweeping Dust Collection System: The sweeping dust collecting system consists of a disk brush device, a roller brush device, a suction mouth device and a dust collection box. This is a key component of the sweeper.盘刷装置担负ç€æ¸…扫和收集护æ 附近和隔离带角的垃圾的任务，它由盘刷åŠæ”¯æž¶ã€æ²¹ 马达ã€æ‘†è‡‚机构ã€æ²¹ç¼¸åŠæ”¯æž¶ã€é’¢ä¸åŠæ»šè½®æœºæž„挡æ¿åŠä¼ 动机构组æˆã€‚
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盘刷直径 500mm
盘刷转速 180rpm èŒƒå›´å†…æ— çº§å¯è°ƒ
油缸直径åŠè¡Œç¨‹ 32×160mm
气缸最大工作压力 0.7MPa
盘刷最大离地间隙 150mm (未磨æŸçŠ¶æ€)
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滚刷直径X长度 400×1320mm
滚刷转速180rpm èŒƒå›´å†…æ— çº§å¯è°ƒ
æå‡æ°”缸直径åŠè¡Œç¨‹ 310mm
æå‡æ°”缸最大工作压力 0.7Mpa
滚刷最大离地间隙 100mm(未磨æŸçŠ¶æ€)
滚刷摆动角度 ±15o
滚刷摆角油缸直径 40mm
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